Progressive Video
Progressive video (often denoted with a lowercase 'p' as in 720p, 1080p, 4Kp) is the modern video encoding model where each frame is a complete sample of the scene at one instant in time, with all horizontal lines captured simultaneously. This is in contrast to interlaced video where each frame is split into two fields captured at different times. Progressive scan was standard for film projection (24 frames per second progressive, each frame fully exposed at one instant) but had to wait for CRT-replacement display technology (LCD, plasma, OLED) and HD broadcast standards before becoming the dominant video format. Today nearly all modern production captures progressively at 24p (the cinema standard), 25p (PAL territories), 30p (NTSC progressive), 50p or 60p (high-framerate broadcast and slow-motion), or higher (high frame rate HFR cinema like Gemini Man at 120p). Progressive video has no combing artifacts on motion, no need for deinterlacing at the display, and integrates cleanly with modern compositing and motion graphics. The temporal characteristics of 24p, 30p and 60p differ substantially in feel: 24p has cinematic motion blur and judder, 60p has soap-opera smoothness, 30p sits between. For HDR and modern delivery, progressive is universal. Legacy interlaced content from archives must be deinterlaced for modern streaming. Reference: ITU-R BT.709 progressive HD standards.